Believers Armed and Dangerous

Ever wonder why God chose to take on human form, why God the Son needed to become the man, Jesus?  I’ve wondered about that.  Here’s what I found.

I first looked at the holiness of God.  God is absolutely holy, absolutely pure.  In order to stand in God’s presence, one needs to be absolutely pure as well.  But we’re sinful people.  How can we do this, and how could the people prior to Christ stand before God?

Until the Mosaic Law, men would sacrifice for themselves and/or their families.  Able sacrificed to please God (Gen. 4:3) but for himself alone, no one else.  Job sacrificed for himself and his family (Job 1:5).  In Genesis 8:20, we’re told Noah sacrificed after the flood waters subsided.  Things changed, though, when Moses climbed Mt. Sinai and received the Law from God.  Now God would use an individual to represent His people before Him, the High Priest.

In that Law it as clear the shedding of blood was needed for forgiveness of the sins of Israel (Lev. 16; Heb. 9:22).  Indeed, God requires every human be purified by blood before it can enter His presence.

The High Priest was a sinful man.  He could only stand in the presence of God’s glory once a year.  He could step behind the veil of the temple into the Holy of Holies to offer blood for the sins of God’s people (Lev. 16).  There was a purification ritual before the High Priest was purified enough to be entitled to enter into the Holy of Holies.  This involved blood.

Even then, the High Priest needed to purify the altar upon which the sacrifices for God’s people would be made.  That was done with blood.  When the High Priest was holy enough to offer sacrifice for the sins of Israel by sprinkling blood on the Mercy Seat of the Ark of the Covenant, he could enter the Holy of Holies.  All this so Israel could have a mediator between God and the people for their sins.

Considering the lengths the High Priest had to go through, it seems clear even after all that ritual, the High Priest was still living on the edge.  According to Lev. 16:13, if the High Priest did something wrong God could strike him dead.  No one else was holy enough to pass through the veil into the Holy of Holies to retrieve him if that happened.  Because of this, Jewish tradition tells us bells were attached to the tassels on the High Priest’s robe and a rope tied to his waist when he entered past the veil.  If no bells were heard for a period of time, the other priests would assume the High Priest had made an error and God had struck him down.  They could retrieve his body by pulling it out using the rope.

So, the point is that God’s mediator must be pure and perfect in his duty.  For man to fulfill that role, he must be unique and pure and that purity only remains for a brief period.

Then Jesus entered our world physically. According to Hebrews 4:14, He is now our High Priest.  He represents God’s people before God.  He is also the perfect sacrifice, the perfect Lamb of God Who paid the price for all our sins.  His blood covers us as the blood ritual the High Priest needed to perform.  The difference is Jesus, our High Priest, is not in danger of error.  He is so pure, He may remain in the Father’s presence indefinitely.  In fact, His sacrifice made us Christians all holy enough to enter the Holy of Holies too and without the priestly rituals.  The veil has been torn to gain us access directly to God (Matt. 27:51).  It was torn from top to bottom, from God to us, welcoming us into God’s presence under the credentials of His Son.

Why is This Important?

The importance of this is that the Mediators between God and man is no longer just a man who was made just holy enough to stand in God’s presence briefly.  Our Mediator is God the Son in human form.  He knows what it is like to be a man and to be God.  Jesus is the only one who is fully qualified to argue our case before the Father.  He is our Advocate (1 John 2:1) who argues for our forgiveness as He stands before the Father, Himself payment in full for our transgression.

God didn’t create some being and send him to take on human form.  He could have sent an angel, a perfect being, but no one is good enough but God.  His love for us is such that He came Himself.

We no longer have to wait a year for someone to sacrifice in the temple for our sins.  We no longer have to wait a year for forgiveness.  Now we have access to the throne of God (Heb. 4:16) to ask forgiveness or to ask for mercy or for healing.

Jesus is the perfect go-between, the perfect Mediator.  He connects each realm, God’s and man’s.

Jesus paid that price for us around 30 a.d.  Just forty years later, the Jerusalem Temple was destroyed by the Roman general, Titus.  It was of no use anymore.  The needed ultimate sacrifice had been made.  The price had been paid.

1 Timothy 2:5 (ESV)
⁵  For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,

What is grace, and why is it so important to the Christian life?

Until several years ago I didn’t believe in altruism, giving without desire for personal benefit.  I believed even Jesus’ death on the cross wasn’t altruistic.  He died on the cross because He wanted something.  He wanted us.  The promise that we would dwell with Him eternally was reason enough for Him to suffer torture and death.  Paul puts it this way, “looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God” (Heb. 12:2).  Did you know this is the only verse in the Bible where “joy” and “cross” appear together?  And, it speaks of Christ’s love for us.

I’ve come to realize grace is something else.  It gains nothing for God but everything for the Christian.  God blesses us for no other reason but that He loves us.  There are no conditions set upon God’s grace.  It is one of the truly free things in the universe, maybe the only truly free thing.

C.S.Lewis told a story of walking into a room at Oxford where several professors were discussing how Christianity differs from other world religions.  Lewis broke in and said “Grace is the difference.”  And Lewis was right.  The other world religions depend on the works of their followers to gain mercy from their gods.  Christianity does not.  The God of Christianity offers forgiveness for simply believing in Him and making Him Lord of our lives.  That’s grace.

God’s grace has no limits or conditions.  How could it.  What could sinful man ever do to please a holy and infinite God or qualify even to stand in His presence?  The answer, of course, is nothing.

But just what is grace?  Grace is God’s unconditional gift.  We are all sinners.  We’ve all fallen and still fall.  For a holy God to bless us daily, to love us deeply, and use us greatly is what grace truly is.  And, it’s even more.

What about the grace we are to show others?  We as Christians are to be gracious to others, aren’t we?

Proverbs 16:24 (ESV) Gracious words are like a honeycomb, sweetness to the soul and health to the body.

But there are people out there that just push our buttons.  How can we be gracious to them?  We all have these people, people who seem to just tick us off by their very presence.  How do we show grace to them?  While I don’t do all that well in this area, I do ask myself, “With all that God has forgiven me of, how can I hold anything at all against other people?”

Why is this important?

There are actually a lot of reasons an understanding of grace is important.  No one is more aware of who we are and how much we desperately need a Savior than we do.  As a result, we often beat ourselves up, we are convinced we’re unworthy to do God’s bidding, to represent Him in public, to teach His Word, to share His love.  With grace involved, though, worth is irrelevant.  It simply doesn’t come into the equation.  We are used by God not because of our worth but because of His gracious love for us.

It takes a long time for most of us to truly understand God’s grace in our lives.  I know I’m still working on it.  My present level of understanding takes a load off of my heart and mind when I see something God wants me to do.  When I look at how God has used me in areas I’m totally unqualified for, I can only think of one word: “Grace!”

In the last blog, I talked about how we as Christians are united.  I also mentioned there is a line, a doctrinal line, between orthodox Christianity and cults.  One of the essential doctrines that set apart Christianity from cults is the Trinity, so I thought I’d look at there here.

Definition

The trinity doctrine is described like this:  In the nature of the one true God there are three divine Persons, God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.  The three Persons are the one true God.  But, where do we find this in Scripture?  Here are some passages:

The Father is God: Gal. 1:1

The Son is God: Heb 1:8

The Holy Spirit is God: Acts 5:3-4

Yet there is only one God: Isa. 44:6; Acts 2:24.

Three persons are called God, yet there is only one God.  Therefore the three Persons are the one God.  It’s defined as simply as that.

Within the trinity, the Son and Holy Spirit are submissive to the Father.  They are not inferior in any way except positionally.  Their submission is voluntary.  We’ll look at that more when we look at the deity of Christ in a future post.

Some History

Throughout church history there have been disagreements on this doctrine.  Mostly the arguments centered around the deity of Christ.  For now, just understand the orthodox (standard) belief was that Jesus is God, equal to the Father.

The trinity has always been understood within Christianity.  Look at how early the trinity appears in Christian writings.  Polycarp, the Bishop of Smyrna, a disciple and coworker with the Apostle John for years, wrote this:  ” I have collected these things, when they had almost faded away through the lapse of time, that the Lord Jesus Christ may also gather me along with His elect into His heavenly kingdom, to whom, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

So, not only does the trinity appear in Scripture but also in the writings of the early church.

There have been several misunderstandings concerning the trinity and how it works however.

Modalism: This idea was championed by a guy named Sabellius who died around 215 a.d.  The belief didn’t die with him, though.  It continued for several centuries and still appears in sects like the United Pentecostal Church. This is the belief that God is just one Person who wears three hats.  There are two major forms of this.  The first is dynamic modalism where one believes God acted as the Father in the Old Testament times, as the Son when Jesus walked the earth, and as the Holy Spirit today.  Static modalism, the second major form, says God acts as the Father in His creation, as the Son in redemption, and as the Holy Spirit in our sanctification.  This doctrine was attractive to early believers since it solved the problem of three Persons but one God.

Tritheism:  This is the belief that the trinity is actually three separate gods.  It was briefly the teaching of Dionysius the bishop of Alexandria (d. 264 a.d.) trying to disprove the Sabellian heresy.  The church pointed out his error.  He then admitted his error and returned to orthodoxy.  Mormons believe a form of Tritheism.

Arianism:  This doctrine is named after Arius of Alexandria (c. 250-336 a.d.).  Arianism is the teaching which brought about the Nicene Council (325 a.d.) which issued the Nicene Creed. 

Arianism is the belief that only the Father is God.  The Son is His first and greatest creation through which He created the universe.  Normally, very little attention is paid to the Holy Spirit, but some Arians believe He is just God’s force.  Many in the early Eastern church believed God could not be involved with matter.  This solved that problem by teaching it was not God but His creation (Jesus) which created matter.  Jehovah’s Witnesses are modern day Arians.

The church’s orthodox stand on the trinity was not officially and fully settled until the Council of Nicaea in 325 a.d. though, as I said above, it was believed much earlier.  Brave men stood strongly and boldly against the misinterpretations of this doctrine.  Athanasius (300-373) Bishop of Alexandria, spent most of his life combating Arianism.  Arianism was a huge threat to orthodox theology for several centuries.  Even at age 25, Athanasius was a major player at the Council of Nicaea but suffered exile five times throughout his life for defending the Nicene Creed and the trinity doctrine it presented.

So, while the trinity may be a little hard to understand, it is clear from Scripture that God exists in three divine Persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit yet is one holy and everlasting God.

Why is this important?

Knowing God better is always important, and understanding Who and What He is adds to that.  Also, God is triune and chooses to exist that way.  He is a God Who is communal.  Maybe that’s why He made us.  I’m sure that’s why He encourages us to gather in families, friends, and churches.  The more we understand God, the easier it will be to relate to Him.

Philippians 2:1-2 (ESV)
¹  So if there is any encouragement in Christ, any comfort from love, any participation in the Spirit, any affection and sympathy, ²  complete my joy by being of the same mind, having the same love, being in full accord and of one mind.

Philippians we should be of the same mind, same love, and in full accord.  There are two facets to this.  The first is how do we differentiate between the ones who are of the same mind and love and those who aren’t?  The second is the fact many in the church will have nothing to do with brothers and sisters with differing views.

How do we know who is “of the same mind?”  In my current series of blog posts, we’re looking at some of the basic Christian doctrines we can use to test if someone or some organization is Christian or not.  Things like accepting Jesus Christ as Lord of your life and His bodily resurrection are good tests for an individual to gauge if they are a believer.  According to Romans 10:9, those are the required qualifications.

To tell if an organization is Christian we can add two more tests, does the group believe in the trinity as accepted by the church as a whole, and do they believe salvation comes through grace alone?  Those four doctrines are primary tests for an organization that presents itself as Christian.

But, what about all the other teachings in the Bible besides Jesus’ deity and resurrection?  It’s true the Bible teaches lots of things, hell, water baptism, Jesus’ virgin birth, the inspiration of the Bible.  What about those? 

While those are important, they are not essential for salvation.  As I mentioned earlier, a Christian is someone holding a belief in the Lordship of Christ in their life and in His bodily resurrection.   

A quote that’s been attributed to almost every church leader since Luther goes like this: “In essentials, unity.  In non-essentials, liberty, and in all things charity.”  I think that’s a great rule to live by in our discussions with other Christians and even with non-believers.

When I talk with people with whom I disagree, I have to admit I get a little hot under the collar at times.  The flesh grabs ne, and I have to pause and regain my composure.  Self-control, after all, is one of the fruit of the spirit.  I often put that fruit to the test. Thinking of what Paul said in 2 Timothy helps:

2 Timothy 2:24-26 (ESV)
 And the Lord’s servant must not be quarrelsome but kind to everyone, able to teach, patiently enduring evil, correcting his opponents with gentleness. God may perhaps grant them repentance leading to a knowledge of the truth, and they may come to their senses and escape from the snare of the devil, after being captured by him to do his will.

Why is this important?

We need to keep our composure when discussing our faith no matter with whom.  Years ago my wife and I visited the Los Angeles County Fair.  The International Bible Students,  had a booth there to recruit folks into their organization.  They’re a spin off group of Jehovah’s Witnesses that left when their founder died and new leadership took over.

I stopped to talk with them and share the gospel.  While we deeply disagreed on essential doctrines, God kept me calm and reasonable to the point that the person I was speaking with asked others in the booth to join us.  “He’s not yelling at us!” she said which made me ashamed this had been their experience with other Christians.  My demeanor made it possible to hold their attention, and we had a wonderful time.  Most importantly, I was given the opportunity to share the gospel.  Peace often can open doors.

I belonged to a Baptist church that stopped supporting a missionary when they learned she spoke in tongues.  Was the missionary a Christian?  Most definitely!  Was she doing God’s work?  Of course she was.  Stopping her support was the wrong thing to do. Brotherhood and sisterhood aren’t just words.  They’re important in the church.  We’re a family.  I sometimes think the Holy Spirit’s most difficult task is not to bring non-believers out of darkness but to bring us Christians. 

1 John 2:9-11 (ESV)
Whoever says he is in the light and hates his brother is still in darkness.  Whoever loves his brother abides in the light, and in him there is no cause for stumbling.  But whoever hates his brother is in the darkness and walks in the darkness, and does not know where he is going, because the darkness has blinded his eyes.

Easter is the holiest day on the Christian calendar.  But, did you know there were times when even Easter represented conflict in the church.  There was a great disagreement in the early church on what was to be celebrated and when.

Very early on, the churches in the East identified with the Apostle John.  After all, John spent most of his time around Jerusalem, Ephesus, and on the island of Patmos.  Jesus died on Passover, and that was the emphasis of John’s celebration.  The Eastern churches followed this practice celebrating Passover no matter on what day of the week it fell.

The Western church looked to Peter and Paul as their examples since they were icons of the Western churches.  Peter and Paul were said to have emphasized Christ’s resurrection the first Sunday after Passover since Christ rose on a Sunday.  As a result, the Eastern and Western churches seldom celebrated on the same day nor did they celebrate the same thing.  The Eastern churches celebrated Christ’s ultimate sacrifice on our behalf.  The Western churches celebrated His glorious resurrection.  This difference in practice caused each side to argue for the virtue of their own view.

At first, both sides used the Jewish calendar to arrive at a date for Passover.  As the church as a whole grew to be anti-Semitic, the use of the Julian calendar replaced the Jewish calendar, so the Passover dates were often miscalculated.

Now we need to remember the Eastern and Western churches were not divided at the time but were seen as one body.  So, these differing views grew into a division of serious proportions within the body.  In 154 a.d., Polycarp, a disciple of the Apostle John, traveled to Rome to try and persuade the Bishop there that the Eastern Passover celebration should be the universal observance.  The Bishop of Rome, Anicetus, disagreed, and the two sections of the church continued with their own celebrations for years each confident the other was wrong. 

Eventually, tempers flared, and around 195 a.d., Victor, Bishop of Rome at the time, wanted to excommunicate the entire Eastern Church over the issue of Easter.  He called them heretics.  Synods were held and letters sent to bishops in the West asking for advice and consent.  Ireneaus, Bishop of Lyon in Gaul, wrote Victor asking him to be reasonable.  The consensus of the Western bishops was sympathetic with Irenaeus’ opinion.  Victor decided to back off, and the matter was tabled. 

In 325 a.d., a council was called at a town in Asia Minor, Nicaea.  Many things were settled there including the calculation for Easter.  Years prior to the council the church had thrown out the Jewish way of calculating Passover and decided to arrive at it themselves.  The calculation is the one given above.  Easter would be celebrated the first Sunday after the first full moon after the Spring equinox.  The Eastern practice of celebrating Good Friday as the holiest day ended.  Easter was now universally to be celebrated on a Sunday.  Of course, the new calculations depended on the Julian calendar.  But, that didn’t put an end to the issue.

Near the end of the sixth century, missionaries to Britain saw the churches there were calculating the date for Easter using a new calendar, the Gregorian calendar.  The Western church liked and adopted this new method of dating while the Eastern churches continued with the practice of using the Julian calendar as they do to this day.  Once again, the two sides would often celebrate on different dates.

In 1054, the Eastern and Western churches split becoming the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.  They didn’t split over the Easter controversy but over the Bishop of Rome getting too big for his britches. 

The Eastern Orthodox churches continue use of the Julian calendar for their calculation.  As a result, the dates of Easter are usually different East to West.  In 2024, for instance, the Catholics and Protestants will both celebrate Easter on March 31^st while the Orthodox will celebrate it on May 5^th.  The following year both will celebrate it on the same day.

Why is this important?

It is important for us to understand it really doesn’t matter exactly the date of Christ’s death or the date of His resurrection.  The important thing is that He gave His life for us and rose again showing His power over death.

I think this also shows us we can have differences in churches and still be one body.  True, the East and West eventually split, but it was over a fleshly issue, a power grab, not over doctrine.  There are major doctrines which must be agreed upon: the trinity, the bodily resurrection of Christ, salvation by grace alone, and the deity of Christ.  There are also doctrines where we can differ.  A popular saying among theologians goes like this, “In essentials unity, in non-essentials, liberty, but in all things, charity.”  I think that’s a principal we can live by.

Philippians 2:6-8 (ESV)
⁶, [Jesus], though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, ⁷  but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. ⁸  And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.

Jesus is both God and man.  We call this doctrine the Incarnation and it has been argued since the first century.  Early converts wanted to understand how all this works.  Back then, there were and still are lots of different ideas about it.

Gnosticism, a false belief rampant in the first few centuries of the church, held that God is Spirit, that spirit is good, but material things like humans are bad/evil.  So, if Jesus was God, He could not have a physical body or He would have been evil.  Jesus couldn’t die on the cross since He was not physical in the first place.  This belief can be traced back before Christ to the Greeks who’s religious views taught matter was evil but spirit was good.

Ebionism (Judaizers), another false belief, was also very familiar to the early church.  Paul describes the Judaizers in Galatians 2:4,12.  One of their beliefs was that Jesus was just a man who died a horrible death.  He was not God, just a great teacher.  Sound familiar?  We still hear this today.  The problem is one would need to reject the New Testament and much of the Old to justify this.  That makes it a little awkward in Christian circles to say the least.

Some believe Jesus was just a physical body and the spirit of the Son indwelled it as a driver indwells an automobile.  The body was nothing but a vehicle for God’s Spirit to use for 33 years then leave as it was about to be nailed to the cross.  These folks usually divide the Christ or Son from Jesus.  They believe Jesus died on the cross but the Christ, the Son, did not.  The consequence would be God did not pay the sacrifice, a senseless body did.

Still others believed Jesus was a great man and either at His baptism or at His crucifixion He received the divine Christ spirit and became God’s Son.  This is called Adoptionism.  The Man Jesus became divine as a reward for His good life.  He then died,rose, and was brought into heaven as God’s divine Son.

The Arians, heretics who arose in the third century, believed Jesus was not really God but God’s greatest creation, a sort of lieutenant god. Since God couldn’t be involved with matter, He used Jesus to create the material universe.  This solved the problem posed by the Greeks and their belief that God could not relate to anything physical.   

So, there are lots of odd ideas out there.  Most of these views appear fairly early in the history of the church.  The current evangelical/orthodox view was always understood but settled upon officially by the end of the fourth century when the church came together to denounce these false teachings and even cursed some who supported them.

The biblical view of the incarnation is that Jesus is wholly divine and wholly human.  Josh McDowell put it this way, “Jesus is divine as if He were never human and as human as if He were never divine.” Paul says in Philippians chapter 2, God the Son, second Person of the trinity, emptied Himself (of the use of His divine attributes) and took on human form.  He became obedient to the Father to the point of death on the cross.

Some would ask, “How could He be both human and God?  Isn’t that contradictory?”  We’re talking about natures here.  One can have more than one nature.  Just as a blue ball can have a round nature and a blue one at the same time, Jesus can be God and man at the same time.

Why is this important?  God the Son has a human nature.  He has been tempted just as we have:

Hebrews 2:18 (ESV)
¹⁸  For because he himself has suffered when tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted.

As a human, He was tempted and faced the trials and tribulations every man has and then some.  There are other benefits for us, though.  He now has been in both worlds, that of God and that of man, so he can mediate for us.

1 Timothy 2:5 (ESV)
⁵  For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,

There is much more to the incarnation than just an interesting Christian doctrine.  It reaches right down to the foundation of our salvation and our relationship with God.

Hebrews 12:2 (ESV)
²  looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God.

We are that joy.

Joshua 1:8 (ESV)
⁸  This Book of the Law shall not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it. For then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have good success.

The neat package of books we hold in our hands we call the Bible has not always been accepted as we see it today.  And the fact is, of course, that the Bible is not a book but a library of 66 ancient documents written by over 40 authors spanning more than 1500 years.

For much of the first century, the early church had the apostles as their authorities on doctrine.  They were easily accessible since they were scattered all over the empire.  If there was a major dispute over a doctrine, the church need only to seek out an apostle to settle the issue.  As a result, while many churches had letters from apostles or copies of those letters, most saw them as instructional instruments within the local assembly.  By 70 a.d., though, all but one apostle, John, was dead.  Heresies were knocking at the doors of churches and sometimes settling into those churches.  What could the bishops use as an authority now to refute these heresies?  They rightly decided to settle on the writings of the apostles as the final authority.

Like today, though, heresies back then could be supported by Scripture passages taken out of context.  One of the favorite passages for these heretics was 1 Cor. 15:50 “I tell you this, brothers: flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.”  

The Gnostics (early church heretics) believed Jesus was not physical, His body was just an illusion, so they used this verse to support that Jesus was not flesh and blood.  The Judaizers and Arians believed Jesus was not God but just a good man.  They used this verse to support their view He could not be God.  So, not only did we need the teachings of the apostles, we needed all the teachings of the apostles.  How do we know which books represent their teachings, though?  There were dozens of documents present in the church at the time.  Which ones were to be followed?

One early Gnostic, Marcion (84-160 a.d.) put together the first canon, a list of books he saw as authoritative.  He believed Christianity was too Jewish and claimed the only inspired books were ten of Paul’s epistles – he left out the Pastoral Epistles – and kept an edited version of Luke where he removed all Old Testament references. 

In response to Marcion’s canon, the orthodox church began to make their own lists.  So far as we know, the first list of authoritative books by the orthodox church was the Muratorian Canon (c. 170).  It included 22 books of the New Testament plus two other early documents, the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas.  The Shepherd was accompanied by a warning that it was to be read for instruction but was not to be considered an apostolic writing.

So, the idea of a canon began late in the second century.  In the years following, other lists appeared, adding other accepted books such as 1 Peter and Hebrews as the church grew.  In 369, Athanasius produced the canon list we use today.  That canon was officially agreed upon by the Council of Carthage in 397.  Even at that council, the agreement was that the canon had been settled prior to the council’s meeting, just not officially.

The Old Testament was agreed upon over time by the church.  Our agreed upon books are taken from the Septuagint which was a Greek translation of the Old Testament translated at least 50 years and perhaps 200 years before Jesus was born.  The church did throw out the Old Testament apocrypha, in the Septuagint, though, believing them to be uninspired.

The New Testament books settled on by the church were not just picked out of a hat.  By the end of the fourth century, the church had tests to retain inspired books and exclude the non-inspired books.

The first test was that of apostolic authority, was the book written by or linked to an apostle?  Luke, Mark, and Jude were not written by apostles although they did have apostolic authority.  Luke was Paul’s constant companion as was Mark with Peter.  Jude was the brother of both Jesus and James the Just who is identified as an apostle in Gal. 1:19.

The second test was if the church had recognized the book as divinely inspired over the previous three and a half centuries.

The third test was if the book carried the power of God.  Were people saved due to its contents?

So, the Book we hold in our hands today and call the Bible went through a lot of history, a lot of testing, and even a lot of battles to reach our hands in the form we have now.

Why is this important?

The history of the Bible shows it has been examined and tested over centuries to be sure the books it contains are indeed God’s Word.  When we pick it up today, we can be assured it transmits faithfully the teachings of the apostles (Acts 2:42) and the teachings and words of Jesus Himself.  All this appears in a library of ancient books inspired by the Holy Spirit.  For more information on the transmission of the New Testament from the first century to us, please check out this blog post.

Wow.  Plagues.  What’s a Christian to do?

Matthew 25:36 (ESV)
³⁶  I was naked and you clothed me, I was sick and you visited me, I was in prison and you came to me.’

In 250 a.d., during the first year of the Great Persecution that took the lives of perhaps thousands of Christians, Cyprian’s Plague broke out in the Roman Empire and lasted twelve years.  It was called “Cyprian’s Plague because Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, historically was the first to describe it.  At the time, the population of Rome was fewer than a million people.  5,000 people a day were dying in the city at the plague’s peak.

Romans fled the city.  Because of the great Roman highway system and efficient maritime commerce, the plague spread like wildfire.  Within weeks, the plague had reached the city of Alexandria in Egypt.  Here is a description of the scene in that city given us by its Bishop, Dionysius:

“[The pagans] thrust aside anyone who began to be sick, and kept aloof even from their dearest friends, and cast the sufferers out upon the public roads half dead and left them unburied and treated them with contempt when they died.” 

The plague we face today, the Coronavirus, is not so severe as this, but we can draw instruction from the Christians in Alexandria and Rome concerning how they dealt with a spreading plague.  Dionysius continues:

“Very many of our brethren, while in their exceeding love and brotherly kindness, did not spare themselves, but kept by each other, and visited the sick without thought of their own peril, and ministered to them assiduously and treated them for their healing in Christ, died from time to time most joyfully . . . Drawing upon themselves their neighbors’ diseases, and willingly taking over to their own persons the burden of suffering of those around them.”

That’s radical Christianity!

Because of the way Christians ministered to the sick of Rome and the rest of the Roman Empire during this period, much of the general public’s view changed from hating the Christians to a sense of gratitude.  During this time, the percentage of Christians increased for a couple of reasons.  First, more Christians survived the plague because of their care for each other, and many non-believers became Christians, attracted to a self-sacrificing faith whose members were willing to die in order to help them and their loved ones.

The Council of Nicaea (325 a.d.) just 12 years after the Edict of Milan which made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire, commanded a hospice to treat the sick and injured be built in every city large enough to contain a cathedral.

The first Christian hospices and hospitals were more than what we see today.  They ministered to the sick, of course, but they also provided shelter for the poor and homeless as well as for Christian pilgrims.

The first true hospital was built by Basil, Bishop of Caesarea, about 369 a.d.  His hospital was just one of several buildings which together included the hospital to tend the sick, a rehabilitation unit, and workshops for training those with no occupational skills.

Within two hundred years of Basil’s hospital, hospitals had become a common part of monasteries.  By the beginning of the Reformation, there were 37,000 Benedictine monasteries that cared for the sick.  Prior to the Christian hospices and hospitals, there is no evidence of such establishments functioning solely on gifts and volunteer workers.

The Christian role when people are in need and hurting is not to hide away or run from the peril.  We are to seek ways we can aid the sick and dying.  If you have an elderly relative or friend, call them to check on them and brighten their day.  Many schools are closed and parents are desperate for child care.  We can volunteer to watch the kids for neighbors while they are at work.  We can write to nursing home residents, hospital patients, veterans’ homes.  We can put our light on a lampstand and not hide it under a basket.  A friend of mine has assembled prayer groups to pray for those in need.  Let’s not let our light hide from the world under a basket but shine on a lampstand.

2 Corinthians 5:8 (ESV)
⁸  Yes, we are of good courage, and we would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord.

The issue of what happens when we die and where do we go are age-old questions.  Are we reincarnated?  Just we just cease to exist? Or, will we spend eternity in a particular place?

Peter Marshall, Chaplin to the US Senate 1946 until his death in 1949, described death to a class of midshipmen at the US Naval Academy in December 7^th, 1941, the day Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.  He told a story of a young boy who had an incurable disease and was going to die.  His mother had just finished reading to him of the Knights of the Round Table and how many had died in a battle.  Marshall’s story continued:

“As she closed the book, the boy sat silent for an instant as though deeply stirred with the trumpet call of the old English tale, and then asked the question that had been weighing on his childish heart: “Mother, what is it like to die? Mother, does it hurt?” Quick tears sprang to her eyes and she fled to the kitchen supposedly to tend to something on the stove. She knew it was a question with deep significance. She knew it must be answered satisfactorily. So she leaned for an instant against the kitchen cabinet, her knuckles pressed white against the smooth surface, and breathed a hurried prayer that the Lord would keep her from breaking down before the boy and would tell her how to answer him.

“And the Lord did tell her. Immediately she knew how to explain it to him.

“Kenneth,” she said as she returned to the next room, “you remember when you were a tiny boy how you used to play so hard all day that when night came you would be too tired even to undress, and you would tumble into mother’s bed and fall asleep? That was not your bed…it was not where you belonged. And you stayed there only a little while. In the morning, much to your surprise, you would wake up and find yourself in your own bed in your own room. You were there because someone had loved you and taken care of you. Your father had come—with big strong arms—and carried you away. Kenneth, death is just like that. We just wake up some morning to find ourselves in the other room—our own room where we belong—because the Lord Jesus loved us.”

“The lad’s shining, trusting face looking up into hers told her that the point had gone home and that there would be no more fear … only love and trust in his little heart as he went to meet the Father in Heaven.”

The Christian’s view of death is like that.  We are strangers here, sojourners, residents but not citizens.  We don’t belong here but look forward to going home some day.  But what of those who are not Christians?  What happens to them?

Sadly, Jesus Himself tells us in one sentence, in one verse in Matthew, what will happen to us all:

Matthew 25:46 (ESV)
⁴⁶  And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”

This should break our hearts as Christians, the fact that denying Christ will bring eternal punishment.  The question often arises at this point how a loving God would punish people with eternal torture.

The answer is pretty simple.  God is holy.  How holy is He?  The Book of Job describes His holiness as greater than the glory of the universe.  In fact, compared to God’s holiness, the universe is dirty:

Job 15:14-15 (ESV)
¹⁴  What is man, that he can be pure? Or he who is born of a woman, that he can be righteous?
¹⁵  Behold, God puts no trust in his holy ones, and the heavens are not pure in his sight;

God cannot allow non-holy beings into his company.  There are requirements for righteousness in order for us to enter into God’s presence.

Romans 8:3-4 (ESV)
 For God has done what the law, weakened by the flesh, could not do. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh, in order that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

So, Christians, by giving their lives to Christ and relying on His finished work, have fulfilled the righteous requirements of the Law and can enter into Christ’s presence.  Those who have not relied on His work cannot.

This isn’t a condemnation of the lost.  The lost are already condemned as being unholy.  It is a plan for their salvation, the rescuing of sinners, the unrighteous, through a system of sacrifice satisfied by God’s Son.  That is the price paid, the gift offered to everyone, but sadly too few take advantage of it.

According to Ephesians 2:8-9, everyone can be saved from the eternal punishment Jesus talked about.  In fact, He came for just that reason.  God is loving and gracious.  In fact, the Bible says, “God is Love.”  He seeks out those who don’t know Him.  I know He did with me.  I ran from Him, but He never gave up on me.  He wanted me and was tenacious in His pursuit.

If you don’t know Christ, the simple solution is to accept His gift, take Him up on His offer, yield to His plan for your life.  I can guarantee it’s better than your plan.  We will all live forever though physical death will come.  It is up to each of us to decide where we will spend the eternity afterward.

Does God Change His Mind?

Believe it or not, I hear this question more from Christians than I do non-believers.  Before I was even a Christian, I attended a Bible study where the leader said God changed His mind and quoted Jonah 3:10.  It bothered me for years, especially after I became a believer.  I guess deep down I believed if God is all knowing, what would cause Him to change His mind, but then Jonah 3:10 would come back to me.

I had settled that passage in my mind years later and was fine with it.  But, recently, I was confronted with 1 Chronicles 21:15, and the problem reared its ugly head once more.  Here are the verses so you can see what I mean:

Jonah 3:10 (ESV)
¹⁰  When God saw what they did, how they turned from their evil way, God relented of the disaster that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it.

1 Chronicles 21:15 (ESV)
¹⁵  And God sent the angel to Jerusalem to destroy it, but as he was about to destroy it, the LORD saw, and he relented from the calamity. And he said to the angel who was working destruction, “It is enough; now stay your hand. . . . ”

 At first blush, these two passages do seem to say God does change His mind, but let’s look a little deeper at the verses.

God’s nature is to forgive those who repent. He shows this in both passages. The word translated “relent” in each verse is naham and is most often translated “comfort” in the sense of comforting yourself.   So, God’s love is involved here.  You see this in the way the NIV translates the verses:

Jonah 3:10 (NIV)
¹⁰  When God saw what they did and how they turned from their evil ways, he had compassion and did not bring upon them the destruction he had threatened.

1 Chronicles 21:15 (NIV)
¹⁵  And God sent an angel to destroy Jerusalem. But as the angel was doing so, the LORD saw it and was grieved because of the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand. . . .”

God isn’t inconsistent, He is compassionate.  He grieves over needing to correct His children.  He has compassion over those who repent.  God is love, and His actions whether in discipline or in forgiveness come from love.

There is also a message here for us.  The 1 Chronicles passage points this out beautifully.  If we read the context we see that God will strike those who do not repent but will forgive those who do.  David saw the Angel of the Lord (Jesus) standing between heaven and earth (vs. 16).  He stands there for us still:

1 Timothy 2:5 (NIV)
⁵  For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,

Jesus stands between heaven and earth for us to plead the compassion of God on us sinners.

Now, on to the idea itself that God changes His mind. Let’s ask this, “If God is perfect, all-knowing, and all-good and were to Change His mind, would He change it for something better?” Well, no. If God is perfect and all-knowing, He would have already done what is best. “Could He change His mind to do something worse?” No. God is all-good. He could not choose something worse. So, just in what we know of God, it is illogical to think He could change His mind.

I hope this helps to clarify the idea that God might change His mind.  He doesn’t.  God is consistent, unchanging, and immutable.  When He promises something, He does it.  Fortunately, one of His promises is for eternal life to those who repent and turn to Him as their Lord.